Abstract
(1) Background: This study investigated the effect of the adhesive layer thickness and the length of resin tags on dentin bond strength of five universal adhesives applied in self-etch mode. (2) Methods: One hundred and fifty extracted human third molars were used. Five different universal adhesives were applied in self-etch mode on the dentin surface. Half of the specimens were subjected to an aging procedure for six months. A shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed and the results were statistically analyzed with a t-test and one-way ANOVA test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was executed to measure the adhesive layer thickness and tag depth. (3) Results: No statistical differences were found between the five adhesive systems after a 24 h storage period, regardless of layer thickness and tag depth (p < 0.05). After 6 months of aging in water at 37 °C, Iperbond Max and Scotchbond Universal preserved the bond strength over time (p < 0.05), whilst the SBS of Iperbond Ultra, FuturaBond M+, and Ibond Universal decreased significantly after the aging period. No relation was observed between the adhesive thickness or tags’ length on SBS. (4) Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, the stability over time of the bond strength of universal adhesives depends on their compositions regardless of the adhesive layer thickness and/or tags’ length.
Highlights
Universal dental adhesives have been developed to minimize the number of bottles and steps of application in order to make them more user-friendly and less time-consuming during their use in dental treatments [1,2,3]
The teeth were divided into five groups (30 teeth each) based on the universal adhesive systems used in this study
Higher shear bond strength (SBS) values were obtained for the tested adhesives after 24 h of a storage period compared to those obtained after 6 months (t-test, p < 0.05), except for Scotchbond Universal (SU) and Iperbond Max (IPM) (p > 0.05) (Figure 1)
Summary
Universal dental adhesives have been developed to minimize the number of bottles and steps of application in order to make them more user-friendly and less time-consuming during their use in dental treatments [1,2,3]. Such multimode systems have showed a high 4.0/). Bonding performance to enamel and dentin surfaces [4,5] both when used in etch-and-rinse, in selective-etch, or self-etch mode [6] These adhesives could be classified as strong (pH < 1), mild (pH = 2), or ultra-mild (pH > 2.5), based on their acidity [3]. Several studies demonstrated that modern universal adhesives applied in self-etch or etch-and-rinse mode can achieve substantial bonding to dentin [8,9]
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