Does a Medical Home Mediate Racial Disparities in Unmet Healthcare Needs Among Children with Special Healthcare Needs?

Abstract

This study extends mediation analysis techniques to explore whether and to what extent differential access to a medical home explains the black/white disparity in unmet healthcare needs among children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN). Data were obtained from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, with analyses limited to non-Hispanic white and black CSHCN (n=14,677). The counterfactual approach to mediation analysis was used to estimate odds ratios for the natural direct and indirect effects of race on unmet healthcare needs. Overall, 43.0% of white CSHCN and 60.4% of black CSHCN did not have a medical home. Additionally, 8.8% of white CSHCN and 15.3% of black CSHCN had unmet healthcare needs. The natural indirect effect indicates that the odds of unmet needs among black CSHCN are elevated by approximately 20% as a result of their current level of access to the medical home rather than access at a level equal to white CSHCN (OR(NIE)=1.2, 95% CI=1.1, 1.3). The natural direct effect indicates that even if black CSHCN had the same level of access to a medical home as white CSHCN, blacks would still have 60% higher odds of unmet healthcare needs than whites (OR(NDE)=1.6, 95% CI=1.1, 2.4). The racial disparity in unmet healthcare needs among CSHCN is only partially explained by disparities in having a medical home. Ensuring all CSHCN have equal access to a medical home may reduce the racial disparity in unmet needs, but will not completely eliminate it.