Abstract
Abstract: Long-lived lakes with their often in situ evolved faunas form an excellent model system to study evolution. The paleontological record of long-lived lakes provides possibilities to investigate the tempo and mode of evolutionary change. However, in order to demonstrate such processes, a combined rigorous temporal and spatial framework is needed in order to make sure (1) alleged evolutionary successive morphs are not misidentified immigrant species and (2) morphological variation is not due to ecophenotypy. Other factors that may cause the development of discrete morphs, such as sexual dimorphism, also must be considered. In this paper, evolution in the Miocene snail genus Toxosoma Conrad, 1874 from long-lived Lake Pebas in western Amazonia is studied within such a temporal and paleo-environmental framework.
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