Do women benefit more from systemic thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke? A Serbian experience with thrombolysis in ischemic stroke (SETIS) study

Abstract

Objective The female sex is associated with increased stroke severity and relatively poor functional recovery. Several studies have demonstrated that women with stroke benefit more from intravenous thrombolysis compared with men, while others found the nullification of gender effect among women treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). The purpose of our study was to determine any gender differences in the efficacy and safety of systemic thrombolysis among patients with acute ischemic stroke in Serbia. Methods Data were from the Serbian experience with intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke (SETIS) study, a prospective, ongoing, multicenter, open, and observational study in Serbia of all patients who have received rtPA for acute ischemic stroke. We analyzed sex differences in the baseline characteristics, functional outcome and treatment complications. Results Among 60 women and 96 men with stroke and treated with intravenous thrombolysis, we found that at day 90, no significant sex differences in excellent functional outcome (50.9% of women vs. 57.0% of men, p = 0.5), favorable functional outcome (61.4% of women vs. 68.8% of men, p = 0.38) or death (8.8% of women vs. 12.9% of men, p = 0.60). These results were constant even after adjustments for age, severity of basal neurological deficit and onset to treatment time. Conclusion There were no sex differences in functional outcome at 90 days after the stroke among patients treated with IV rtPA. This finding might confirm that thrombolytic therapy nullifies usual sex differences in stroke outcome and suggests that women with stroke may benefit more from rtPA treatment.