Do the pollution related to high-traffic roads in urbanised areas pose a significant threat to the local population?

Joanna Kobza,Mariusz Geremek

doi:10.1007/s10661-016-5697-1

Abstract

Many large neighbourhoods are located near heavy-traffic roads; therefore, it is necessary to control the levels of air pollution near road exposure. The primary air pollutants emitted by motor vehicles are CO, NO2 and PM. Various investigations identify key health outcomes to be consistently associated with NO2 and CO. The objective of this study was the measurement-based assessment for determining whether by high-traffic roads, such as motorways and express ways, and the concentrations of CO and NO2 are within normal limits and do not pose threat to the local population. Average daily values (arithmetic values calculated for 1-h values within 24 h or less, depending on result availability) were measured for concentrations of NO2 and CO by automatic stations belonging to the Voivodship Environmental Protection Inspectorate in Katowice, in areas with similar dominant source of pollutant emission. The measurements were made in three sites: near the motorway and expressway, where the average daily traffic intensity is 100983 and 35414 of vehicles relatively. No evidence was found of exceeding average daily values equal to the maximum allowable NO2 concentration due to the protection of human health in the measurement area of the stations. No daily average values exceeding the admissible CO concentration (8-h moving average) were noted in the examined period. The results clearly show lack of hazards for general population health in terms of increased concentrations of CO and NO2 compounds that are closely related to high intensity car traffic found on selected motorways and speedways located near the city centres.

Highlights

Air quality and its impact on health are major environmental health issues (WHO 2012)
The results clearly show lack of hazards for general population health in terms of increased concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and NO2 compounds that are closely related to high intensity car traffic found on selected motorways and speedways located near the city centres
The primary air pollutants emitted by motor vehicles are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx including NO and NO2) and particulate matter (PM)

Summary

Introduction

Air quality and its impact on health are major environmental health issues (WHO 2012). Many hours of staying in places of residence located near high-traffic roads is connected with increased level of the AC133+ stem cells responsible for processes of blood vessel reparation, the presence of which in peripheral blood may be an early indicator of damage to the cardiovascular system (caused to a high extent by particles with PM2.5 diameter) (De Jarnett et al, 2015). Exposure to noise and air pollution may lead to elevated peripheral blood pressure and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (Chang et al, 2015; Miller et al, 2015; Fecht et al, 2016). Constant remaining in locations situated near high-traffic roads is connected with the risk of increased CRP (C-reactive protein) concentration in peripheral blood, which is an important risk factor of CVD (cardiovascular diseases) (Lanki et al, 2015). Increased levels of NO2, CO and PM2.5 particles in the atmosphere lead to increased risk of premature births, possibility of Environ Monit Assess (2017) 189: 33 hypertension in pregnant women and risk of preeclampsia (Pedersen et al, 2014; Männistö et al, 2015; Li et al, 2016; Qian et al, 2016)

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Conclusion