Abstract
This study examines the relationship between the emotions of mothers and fetal development and explores the modifying effect that family income has on this relationship. Socio-demographic information, maternal depression, stress, positive and negative emotions, and maternal-fetal attachment data were collected at 16–20 weeks of pregnancy. Data on fetal body weight and biparietal diameter indicating fetal development were collected at 33–35 weeks to observe the longitudinal effects of mothers’ emotions on fetal development. We divided subjects into two groups: those with more than 150% of the median income were classified as the high-income group and less than 150% as the middle-income group. T-test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis on maternal emotional status and fetal development were performed for each group. A positive correlation was found between maternal-fetal attachment and negative emotion that was associated with the biparietal diameter and fetal body weight only in the middle-income group. Results of the multiple regression analysis were statistically significant, indicating that maternal-fetal attachment was associated with fetal weight. These results show that the management of subjective emotion is associated with healthy development of the fetus and contributes to health equity.
Highlights
According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s theory of the origin of human inequality, over the years, humans have been unable to distinguish between their original nature and the one changed by society
This study aimed to identify whether mothers’ emotions and MFA are associated with the development of the fetus during pregnancy by income level
The aim of the present study was to identify how mothers’ emotion and MFA are associated with the development of the fetus during pregnancy by income level
Summary
According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s theory of the origin of human inequality, over the years, humans have been unable to distinguish between their original nature and the one changed by society. Humans in unequal structures do not know how these inequalities may have affected them, and it is difficult to comprehend how lifestyles, eating habits, and the various emotions they experience affect their health. From this perspective, this study aims to identify where inequality starts. We explored the relationship between socioeconomic and health inequities so we could use it to understand the actual cause of health differences and apply our insights to nursing interventions and policies. Social class structures may be a direct cause of the health outcomes that we are interested in, or an indirect variable that explains the causal relationship. We investigated the difference in maternal mental health, maternal-fetal
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