Abstract
As the threat of arboviral diseases continues to escalate worldwide, the question of, “What types of human communities are at the greatest risk of infection?” persists as a key gap in the existing knowledge of arboviral diseases transmission dynamics. Here, we comprehensively review the existing literature on the socioeconomic drivers of the most common Aedes mosquito-borne diseases and Aedes mosquito presence/abundance. We reviewed a total of 182 studies on dengue viruses (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), yellow fever virus (YFVV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and presence of Aedes mosquito vectors. In general, associations between socioeconomic conditions and both Aedes-borne diseases and Aedes mosquitoes are highly variable and often location-specific. Although 50% to 60% of studies found greater presence or prevalence of disease or vectors in areas with lower socioeconomic status, approximately half of the remaining studies found either positive or null associations. We discuss the possible causes of this lack of conclusiveness as well as the implications it holds for future research and prevention efforts.
Highlights
The global proliferation of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) into novel regions represents a growing public health hazard due to their capacity of transmitting a variety of arboviral pathogens, including the emerging and re-emerging dengue viruses (DENV), chi kungunya virus (CHIKV), yellow fever virus (YFVV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) [1]
Numerous vector-borne diseases such as leishmani asis, onchocerciasis, and Chagas disease have been labelled as “Diseases of Poverty” due to their strong association with socially vulnerable populations [19], to our knowledge the association between socioeco nomic disparities and diseases caused by DENV, CHIKV, YFV, and ZIKV has yet to be examined in a systematic review process
If a single study was found for multiple searches because it covered multiple categories, the study was included in both or more relevant categories, though only the conclusions specific to each category were analyzed
Summary
The global proliferation of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) into novel regions represents a growing public health hazard due to their capacity of transmitting a variety of arboviral pathogens, including the emerging and re-emerging dengue viruses (DENV), chi kungunya virus (CHIKV), yellow fever virus (YFVV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) [1]. Virology, and ecology of the vectors have been studied for decades, more recent research efforts have been made to examine arboviral diseases within the context of socio economic determinants of health Across both urban and rural environments, infrastructure quality disparities, discriminatory zoning practices, and differential exposure to social stressors place significant financial burdens on some neighbor hoods over others [8,9]. As a highly understudied subject with considerable public health consequence, we intend this review to serve as a catalyst for further investigations at both the local and global scale
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