Do reasoned action approach variables mediate relationships between demographics and cervical cancer screening intentions or behaviour? An online study of women from the UK

Abstract

Objective: In the UK, approximately 3,200 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year. Regular screening is one of the best ways to prevent cervical cancer from developing, yet screening rates are declining and vary by sociodemographic variables. The present stratified online study aimed to investigate relationships between sociodemographic factors and screening intentions and past behaviour. Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) variables were assessed as potential mediators. MethodsIn total, 500 women living in the UK were recruited via an online research recruitment website to an online cross-sectional survey. Participant recruitment was stratified by age, socioeconomic status and ethnicity to ensure adequate representation of each strata. Participants completed measures on RAA variables (affective attitudes, cognitive attitudes, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, capability, autonomy, and intention) as well as screening past behaviour. ResultsAmong the demographic variables, age, ethnicity and deprivation were significantly related to screening intention. Younger women, those from less deprived areas, along with white women were more likely to report higher intentions to attend screening. Past behaviour was significantly negatively predicted by deprivation only, indicating that individuals from less deprived areas were more likely to be up to date with their screening. Both intention and past behaviour were significantly positively correlated with all RAA variables. Capability and cognitive attitude partially mediated the relationship between age and intention and fully mediated the relationship between ethnicity and intention. Capability fully mediated the relationships between deprivation and intention and between deprivation and past behaviour. ConclusionIntentions toward attending cervical cancer screening are related to age, ethnicity, and level of deprivation, with older women and those from areas of greater deprivation and ethnic minority groups reporting lower intentions. Capability (confidence engaging in cervical screening) and cognitive attitudes (how useful/beneficial screening is seen to be) are key variables to target to promote cervical screening attendance and reduce potential inequalities.