Do Racial Differences in Orbital Volume Influence the Reconstruction of Orbital Trauma

Abstract

Successful orbital reconstruction relies on an accurate restoration of orbital volume (OV). The purpose of this study was to determine if the OV of African American (AA) subjects differs from that of Caucasian subjects. The authors implemented a retrospective observational study of successive subjects who received a maxillofacial computed tomography (CT) scan at a level I trauma center between 2017 and 2020. The primary predictor variable was race (AA/Caucasian). The primary outcome variable was orbital volume. Two independent examiners calculated OV with an open access OsiriX MD software version 10.0.5 (Pixmeo, Switzerland). Inter-rater reliability was calculated. Differences between races, genders, and sides were tested using independent samples t test with a significance of P < .05. Sixty subjects (120 orbits) were included in the study. The mean age was 36.7 (SD ± 13.2) years with a range of 22 to 78 years. Gender distribution was equal with 30 male (50%) and 30 female (50%) subjects. Inter-examiner reliability was 0.973. The mean OV of AA and Caucasians was 22.38 and 23.23 cm3, respectively (P=.07). The mean OV of AA and Caucasian males was 23.92, and 24.17cm3, respectively (P=.71). The mean OV in AA and Caucasian females was 20.84 and 22.28cm3, respectively (P=.013). African-American female subjects appear to have a smaller OV when compared with Caucasians which may influence orbital reconstruction. Laterality does not appear to be associated with any differences in OV.