Do Race and Everyday Discrimination Predict Mortality Risk? Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study.

Abstract

Everyday discrimination is a potent source of stress for racial minorities, and is associated with a wide range of negative health outcomes, spanning both mental and physical health. Few studies have examined the relationships linking race and discrimination to mortality in later life. We examined the longitudinal association among race, everyday discrimination, and all-cause mortality in 12,081 respondents participating in the Health and Retirement Study. Cox proportional hazards models showed that everyday discrimination, but not race, was positively associated with mortality; depressive symptoms and lifestyle factors partially accounted for the relationship between everyday discrimination and mortality; and race did not moderate the association between everyday discrimination and mortality. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence on the role that discrimination plays in shaping the life chances, resources, and health of people, and, in particular, minority members, who are continuously exposed to unfair treatment in their everyday lives.