Do positive illusions contribute to human well-being?

Abstract

Psychologists such as Shelly E. Taylor have championed the idea that certain false beliefs, referred to as positive illusions, fulfill a significant role in contributing to human well-being. The goal of this article is to critically review the empirical evidence for this claim. The main concern, then, is whether the empirical evidence is conclusive in regard to the value of positive illusions for agents. The conclusion to be developed is that the latest psychological research is inconclusive in regard to the value positive illusions. This is due not only to evidence that draws into question the value of positive illusions for agents, but also due to methodological and conceptual problems with the positive illusion literature. Consequently, it could be the case that false beliefs contribute to agent well-being in specific situations, but it is difficult to claim that certain false beliefs are required for agent well-being.