Do poor psychosocial resources mediate health inequalities in type 2 diabetes? The Maastricht Study

Abstract

Abstract Low socioeconomic position (SEP) has been identified as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A potential pathway of this association is psychosocial resources. Disadvantageous environmental conditions result in low control beliefs through adverse resources and inferiority beliefs through social comparison for people with a low SEP. We examined two poor psychosocial resources, low control beliefs and inferiority beliefs, to explain socioeconomic inequalities in T2DM. We analysed mediating roles of low control beliefs and inferiority beliefs by using counterfactual mediation analysis. 8293 participants aged 40-75 living in Limburg, the Netherlands participated in The Maastricht Study starting from September 2010 to October 2020 and were followed up to 10 years with annual questionnaires with a median follow-up time of 7.18 years. SEP (education, income, occupation), control and inferiority beliefs, and (pre)diabetes by oral glucose tolerance test were measured at baseline. Incident T2DM was self-reported per annum. 3.2%(N = 203) of the participants without T2DM at baseline reported incident T2DM. People with low SEP had more often prevalent and incident T2DM (e.g., low education:HR=2.13, 95%CI:1.53-2.97). Lower control beliefs and higher inferiority beliefs were more common among people with low SEP than people with high SEP. Moreover, lower control beliefs and higher inferiority beliefs were risk factors for T2DM (e.g., low control beliefs: HR = 1.50, 95%CI:1.08-2.09). The relationship between SEP and T2DM was partially mediated by control beliefs (7.98-13.56%) and inferiority beliefs (2.16-4.53%). Poor psychosocial resources are important in socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes. Researchers and practitioners should consider the psychosocial profile of people with lower SEP might differ from those with higher SEP and this might interfere with the development, treatment, and prevention of T2DM. We should aim to work with such beliefs, instead of against it. Key messages • Socioeconomic health inequalities in diabetes has many underlying mechanism including psychosocial pathways. • Interventions and research should consider the different environment of low SEP and psychosocial profiles of people. We should aim to work with it, instead of against it.