Do Opaque Minds Make Better Neighbors? Examining Relational Mobility as a Predictor of Outcome Focus Across Three Folk Theories of Mind

Abstract

Introduction: Inferences about others' minds seem necessary for successful human social life, but Opacity of Mind (OoM) norms against mentalizing in small, traditional communities challenge this notion. This research employs the concept of relational mobility – or the capacity to freely move among social groups – as an index of the socio-cultural adaptive pressure that might promote the evolution of mentalizing norms. Method: This research recruits Indigenous iTaukei Fijians with Opacity of Mind norms (n=90), New Zealanders with mind-centric norms (n=280), and Pacific people living in New Zealand (n=600) who live in a cultural middle-zone. I test whether preference for outcome focus (rather than a more mentalizing intent focus) can be explained by ToM measures or ecological factors like relational mobility with pre-existing mentalizing scales and vignettes assessing social judgments. Results: Results suggest OoM norms mitigate relational (im)mobility by shifting focus to external, observable behaviors, rather than focusing on intent which may be perceived as more hostile when relational mobility is low. Discussion: Cognitive capacities like mentalizing form the backbone of human social life. Core cognitive functions may be modulated to suit particular environmental constraints via inheritance pathways of norm psychology.