Do meals contain a relevant amount of oxylipins? LC-MS-based analysis of oxidized fatty acids in food

Abstract

Several oxylipins are potent lipid mediators and are discussed to be absorbed after oral intake. However, information about their concentrations in oils and processed foods are scarce. Here, we analyzed the concentrations of mono-, di- and multihydroxy- as well as epoxy-PUFA in virgin and refined oils as well as in different foods/meals. Oil refining causes hydrolysis of epoxy-PUFA and thus high dihydroxy-PUFA concentrations (e.g. 15,16-DiHODE 290 µg/g in refined vs. 15 µg/g in virgin rapeseed oil), making the epoxy-to-diol ratio a potential marker for refined oils. Low oxylipin levels were found in foods with high amounts of saturated fatty acids such as Hamburger patties (around 30 µg/g). High concentrations (up to 1200 µg/g, 80 mg per serving) and high oxylipin/precursor-PUFA ratios were found in fried falafel and processed foods such as vegetarian sausage/fish fingers. Our study provides first insights in the oxylipin concentrations of our daily food, indicating a relevant intake.