Abstract
Abstract Aim: This study aimed to compare the recruitment of the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, triceps (long head), and latissimus dorsi muscles during rowing, in paracanoe and canoe athletes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with ethical approval, including a sample of five paraplegic athletes, four lower limb amputees, and four athletes without disabilities. Surface electromyography of the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, triceps (long head), and latissimus dorsi muscles. The athletes rowed for three minutes in an ergometer kayak. The Root Mean Square (RMS) signal of the second minute of data collection, normalized by the RMS peak (% RMS), was considered for analysis. Results: The results of paraplegic athletes, amputees, and athletes without disabilities were similar, as follows; the anterior deltoid: 10.81 ± 3.1; 9.6 ± 3.13 and 9.92 ± 3.12 (p = 0.83), pectoralis major: 7.71 ± 0.66; 8.66 ± 0.66 and 8.53 ± 2.62 (p = 0.72), long head of the triceps: 8.41 ± 3.05; 4.79 ± 1.2 and 6.66 ± 1.01 (p = 0.08), and latissimus dorsi: 8.18 ± 1.97; 6.39 ± 2.64 and 6.95 ± 1.64 (p = 0.45). Conclusion: Paracanoe and canoe athletes present similar muscle recruitment of the upper limbs and trunk during rowing.
Highlights
Paracanoe is an aquatic sport that debuted at the Rio de Janeiro Paralympics in 2016
The kayak paddling gesture is predominantly performed by the upper limbs, the trunk and lower limbs assist in providing stabilization, generating muscle strength and power to be transferred to the upper limbs[3]
The canoe and paracanoe athletes evaluated in the present study were characterized as: with muscle power deficiency (N = 5), with limb deficiency (N = 4), and without physical deficiency (N = 4), all-male
Summary
Paracanoe is an aquatic sport that debuted at the Rio de Janeiro Paralympics in 2016. It is played by athletes with physical and motor disabilities of the lower limbs, distributed into classes inside the vessel according to their physical abilities[1]. Paracanoe athletes, who present limitations and deficiencies in the trunk and lower limbs, could present compensations for muscle recruitment and increased activation to develop the sporting gesture of the stroke. The results of studies with electromyography show that canoeing athletes have great recruitment of shoulder muscles, such as the deltoid and latissimus dorsi, which are joint stabilizers and powerful torque generators[5], as well as the brachial and pectoralis major[6]
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