Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions cause climate change, and agriculture is the most vulnerable sector. Farmers do have some capability to adapt to changing weather and climate, but this capability is contingent on many factors, including geographical and socioeconomic conditions. Assessing the actual adaptation potential in the agricultural sector is therefore an empirical issue, to which this paper contributes by presenting a study examining the impacts of climate change on cereal yields in 55 developing and developed countries, using data from 1991 to 2015. The results indicate that cereal yields are affected in all regions by changes in temperature and precipitation, with significant differences in certain macro-regions in the world. In Southern Asia and Central Africa, farmers fail to adapt to climate change. The findings suggest that the world should focus more on enhancing adaptive capacity to moderate potential damage and on coping with the consequences of climate change.
Highlights
Climate change is considered to be an average change in weather patterns in the long-term sense, while climate variability refers to the fluctuations in weather patterns in the short term
The results indicate that climate variability strongly affects the cereal yields
The cereal yields are positively affected by changes in non-climatic explanatory variables that include labor force and capital stock, which are significant in some regions
Summary
Climate change is considered to be an average change in weather patterns in the long-term sense, while climate variability refers to the fluctuations in weather patterns in the short term. Scientists and economists have come to a consensus opinion that agricultural production and crop yields are at risk due to variation and change in the climatic factors [1]. The climatic variability and change could create a shortage of food production in the future, especially in developing countries, which having fewer resources and are lagging far behind in terms of crop yields. Climate change is becoming a threat to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs focus explicitly on food-related issues by seeking to end hunger, achieve food security by fighting against food scarcity and improving nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. SDGs pay particular attention to poverty reduction, for which agriculture and food play a key role in developing countries [2]
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