Do Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals Have Effects on Dental Implant Osseointegration? A Scoping Review.

Livia Nastri,Massimiliano Bianco,Antimo Moretti,Silvia Migliaccio,Gennaro Cecoro,Giovanni Iolascon,Luigi Guida,Giuseppe Toro,Marco Paoletta,Sara Liguori,Marco Annunziata

doi:10.3390/nu12010268

Livia Nastri, Massimiliano Bianco + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010268

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Abstract

Several factors affect dental implant osseointegration, including surgical issues, bone quality and quantity, and host-related factors, such as patients’ nutritional status. Many micronutrients might play a key role in dental implant osseointegration by influencing some alveolar bone parameters, such as healing of the alveolus after tooth extraction. This scoping review aims to summarize the role of dietary supplements in optimizing osseointegration after implant insertion surgery. A technical expert panel (TEP) of 11 medical specialists with expertise in oral surgery, bone metabolism, nutrition, and orthopedic surgery performed the review following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) model. The TEP identified micronutrients from the “European Union (EU) Register of nutrition and health claims made on foods” that have a relationship with bone and tooth health, and planned a PubMed search, selecting micronutrients previously identified as MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms and adding to each of them the words “dental implants” and “osseointegration”. The TEP identified 19 studies concerning vitamin D, magnesium, resveratrol, vitamin C, a mixture of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin D, and synthetic bone mineral. However, several micronutrients are non-authorized by the “EU Register on nutrition and health claims” for improving bone and/or tooth health. Our scoping review suggests a limited role of nutraceuticals in promoting osseointegration of dental implants, although, in some cases, such as for vitamin D deficiency, there is a clear link among their deficit, reduced osseointegration, and early implant failure, thus requiring an adequate supplementation.

Highlights

The technical expert panel (TEP) selected micronutrients from the “European Union (EU) Register of nutrition and health claims made on foods” that have a relationship with bone and tooth health, included in dietary supplements and nutraceuticals
From the micronutrients listed in the “EU Register of nutrition and health claims made on foods”, the TEP selected the following 18 nutraceuticals that may have influence on bone and teeth: calcium, fluorides, magnesium, potassium, resveratrol, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin
According to the “EU Register of nutrition and health claims made on foods”, fluoride is non-authorized for supporting bone mineralization, and potassium is non-authorized for maintaining tooth mineralization, whereas vitamin B2, vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, and vitamin B12 are non-authorized for both functions

Summary

Introduction

In addition to key factors that affect the osseointegration, such as the surgical technique, bone quality and quantity, postoperative inflammation or infection, smoking habits, and implant material and surface [2,3,4,5,6,7], other factors should be taken into account, including the immunological and nutritional status of the host. Several micronutrients affecting bone metabolism were demonstrated to have an influence on skeletal system; in particular, calcium, fluorides, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B6, vitamin. Fat-, carbohydrate-, and cholesterol-rich diets and reduced calcium intake exhibit detrimental influences on jaw bone and alveolar bone [10]. A specific diet regimen and micronutrients might play a key role in the different phases of dental implant osseointegration

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