Abstract
PurposeThis study aimed to identify factors associated with diabetes management self-efficacy in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Korea.MethodsA total of 173 pregnant women with GDM in Korea were recruited by posting announcements at two Korean online communities focusing on pregnancy and GDM. Participants completed a structured online survey from July to September 2018. Thirteen inappropriate responses were excluded and a total of 160 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and multiple regression with the enter method was done to identify the associations of depressive mood, anxiety, emotional intelligence, and sleep quality with diabetes management self-efficacy.ResultsRespondents reported a moderately depressive mood (mean, 10.36), low to moderate anxiety (mean, 41.65), above-average emotional intelligence (mean, 78.04), moderate sleep quality (mean, 42.01), and above-average diabetes management self-efficacy (mean, 52.29). The major factor associated with diabetes management self-efficacy of pregnant women with GDM was emotional intelligence (β=.51, p<.001). Other factors, in descending order of influence, were sleep quality (β=.22, p<.001) and exercise (β=.18, p=.004). Taken together, the aforementioned factors explained 34.6% (F=39.53, p<.001) of the total variance. ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that to improve the diabetes management self-efficacy of pregnant women with GDM, it is necessary to develop an education program that can also enhance emotional intelligence, sleep quality, and exercise.
Highlights
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is diagnosed when glucose intolerance develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy in a woman who previously did not have diabetes [1]
The specific objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to identify differences in diabetes management self-efficacy according to the general and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with GDM; (2) to assess the degree of depression, anxiety, emotional intelligence, sleep quality, and diabetes management self-efficacy; (3) to evaluate the relationship between diabetes management self-efficacy and depression, anxiety, emotional intelligence, and sleep quality; and (4) to investigate factors associated with diabetes management self-efficacy
This study was comparable to the current study in that it brought the concept of emotional intelligence to the surface, based on the observation of a similar group of patients who had difficulty in daily health management due to abnormal blood sugar problems
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is diagnosed when glucose intolerance develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy in a woman who previously did not have diabetes [1]. According to a recent study, the incidence of GDM sharply increased by 30% in women aged 15 to 44 years who had their first live birth between 2011 and 2019, and the highest rate of increase was noted among women of Asian descent [2]. GDM increases the risk of perinatal complications [1]. According to a recent meta-analysis [3], compared to pregnant women without GDM, those with GDM were 8.3 times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes after childbirth, Korean J Women Health Nurs 2021;27(4):358367
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