Abstract

AbstractIn Chap. 5, we examine the relationship between bilateral trade patterns and international technology spillovers. In Chap. 6, we analyze how horizontal and vertical foreign direct investment (FDI) of multinational enterprises (MNEs) affects technology spillovers between themselves and firms in host countries. Both chapters analyze the issues from theoretical and empirical points of view. Each chapter shows that international trade or FDI is an important channel of international technology spillovers, but the effect on them is heterogeneous, depending on the type of trade patterns or the structure of FDI. In both chapters we measure technology spillovers using patent citation data.

Highlights

  • We examine the relationship between bilateral trade patterns and international technology spillovers

  • As major sources of international technology spillovers, we focus on regional trade agreements (RTAs) signed by the United States and European countries, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the European Community (EC)/European Union (EU), RTAs with the United States, and FTAs with the EC/EU

  • We investigated the impact of deep RTAs on international technology spillovers, employing patent citations as a proxy of technology spillovers

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Summary

Introduction

Using patent citations as a proxy for technology spillovers, Jinji et al (2019a) empirically examine whether RTAs enhance international technology spillovers They use panel data on patent citations at the USPTO for 114 countries/economies for the period 1991–2007. The focus of their study is on whether the depth of RTAs that is measured by the legal enforceability information on the policy areas in the WTO-X group matters for technology spillovers among member countries/economies of RTAs.[1] They show that the depth of integration influences technology spillovers. The estimated coefficients on the breadth indexes are all positive and statistically significant, suggesting that technology spillovers among members of RTAs become stronger as RTAs cover more policy areas with legal enforceability in each of.

The Depth and Breadth Indexes
RTA Dummies
Empirical Model and Strategy
Description of the Data
40 Cameroon
63 Dominica
The Depth of RTAs
The Breadth of RTAs
Heterogeneous Effects of RTAs by the United States and the EU
Robustness Check
Conclusion
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