Do cortical maps depend on the timing of sensory input? Experimental evidence and computational model

Abstract

Fast adaptations in the functional organization of primary sensory cortex are generally assumed to result from changes of network connectivity. However, the effects of intrinsic neuronal excitability alterations due to the activation of neighboring cortical representational zones, which might as well account for the changes of cortical representative maps, have been paid little attention to. In a recent experiment (Braun et al. 2000b) we showed by neuromagnetic source imaging that random or fixed sequence stimulation of three digits of both hands led to stimulation-timing-induced changes in primary somatosensory (SI) cortical maps. The distance between the cortical representation of thumb and middle finger became significantly shorter during the fixed sequence stimulation. The analysis on the time course of the cortical map changes revealed that these reorganizations occurred within minutes and were fully reversible. The previously reported results were interpreted as the involvement of a superordinate center responsible for detecting and activating the appropriate maps. Here we present an alternative parsimonious explanation that is supported by a computational model. Based on the experimental evidence, we developed a simple model that took intrinsic neuronal excitability together with subthreshold activation into account and assumed partial cortical overlap of the representational zones of neighboring digits. Furthermore, in the model the neuronal excitability decayed slowly with respect to the stimulation frequency. The observed cortical map changes in the experiment could be reproduced by the two-layer feed-forward computational network. Our model thus suggests that the dynamic shifts of cortical maps can be explained by the state and time course of intrinsic neuronal excitability and subthreshold activation, without involving changes in network connectivity.