Abstract
High bush density and cover have negative effects on the environment in general and on livestock production, in particular in savanna rangelands. The study examined the effects of bush control techniques on woody sapling recruitment in the low land savanna region. The study consisted of 21 plots located next to each other on an area of 5.3 ha encroached byAcacia melliferaandAcacia reficienstrees. Seven bush control treatments were assigned randomly to the plots and replicated three times. In the bush clearing plot, woody species were removed at ground level using a handsaw. In the tree thinning; thinning and grazing; thinning and browsing; thinning and fire, and thinning with fire-browsing treatments, trees were thinned to the equivalents of 60% of the density of that of the control plot. Positive changes in sapling densities were observed in the clearing, thinning, and thinning and grazing treatments. In contrast, the control, thinning and browsing, and thinning and fire treatments presented negative changes in densities. A change in sapling density was highest in the cleared plot, whereas it was lowest in the thinning, fire, and browsing treatment. The correlation between changes in sapling densities and new recruitments was highly (p < 0.001) significant in the clearing, thinning, and thinning and grazing treatments thus increased sapling recruitment with the proportion greater for the clearing treatment. The significant correlation induced average sapling recruitment in the control, and low in the thinning with browsing and thinning with fire treatments. The relationship was insignificant in the thinning, fire, and browsing combination treatment and resulted in the lowest rate of saplings’ recruitment. Postthinning techniques reduced woody tree recruitment and would sustain open savanna under the continuous management plan.
Highlights
Savannas are described by a continuous herbaceous layer with a widely spaced woody plant species (Scholes and Archer, 1997; Desta and Coppock, 2004)
The lowest density and cover were recorded in the Bush clearing (BC) treatment to the point of no representation in the plot area
Thinning treatments reduced (p < 0.001) bush density and cover compared with the CO and BC treatments
Summary
Savannas are described by a continuous herbaceous layer with a widely spaced woody plant species (Scholes and Archer, 1997; Desta and Coppock, 2004). Study reports (Smit, 2004; Vadigi, 2013) have indicated that density and distribution of trees in savannas maintain ecosystem structure. African savannas are an important wildlife habitat, provide forage to livestock, and are a major source of food, fuel wood, and other products (Dalle et al, 2006a; Solomon et al, 2006b; Mworia et al, 2008a). An increase in woody plants density is considered a serious problem to the quality, productivity, economic viability of rangelands, and ecological integrity of savanna ecosystem (Ward 2005; Archer et al, 2017; Belayneh and Tessema, 2017). In African savannas, the problem of bush encroachment has raised concerns among pastoralists whose livelihood depends on livestock production
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