Abstract
Manganese (Mn) toxicity is observed in children exposed to high Mn levels in water and in total parenteral nutrition. Infant formula contains 5–28 times as much Mn as breast milk, but is not widely studied as a source of Mn toxicity. The objective of this study is to determine the difference in hair Mn levels between infants who are predominantly formula‐fed (FF) or breast‐fed (BF), and explore other salient predictors of hair Mn levels. Infants 3–6 mo who were FF (n=5) or BF (n=30) were recruited. Water and hair Mn levels for mother and infant were determined by ICP‐MS analysis. Mean±SD (median) hair Mn for BF and FF infants was 2.21±2.77 (1.45) μg/mL and 2.76±1.80 (3.16) μg/mL, respectively. Group medians differed significantly (p=0.002). 50.0% of FF displayed elevated hair Mn levels (>3 μg/g), compared to 13.8% of BF infants. Mean water Mn concentration was 0.92±2.10 ng/mL for BF and 0.21±0.16 ng/mL for FF infants. Infant hair Mn was not correlated with water Mn concentration (p=0.32), sex (p=0.21) or age (p=0.25). Additional samples are being collected to provide more definitive results.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
