Do bipolar disorder soft signs impact outcomes following Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) therapy for depression?

Abstract

BackgroundTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is not currently FDA approved for depressed patients with bipolar disorder (BD), but many unipolar depressed patients presenting for TMS have soft signs of bipolarity. It is not known whether or not these soft signs portend differential outcomes. ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between BD soft signs and TMS treatment outcomes in a naturalistic treatment setting. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of MDD patients (n = 105) treated with TMS. BD diathesis was defined by responses to a modified version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire and family history. ResultsTMS response rates for the group with BD diathesis and the group without were equivalent using two self-report depression severity scales. Remission rate was significantly lower for the bipolar soft signs group (13.5% versus 30.2%; p = 0.04) on one scale. This result does not hold when corrected for multiple comparisons. We did not observe switch to mania. LimitationsThese data are limited to patients diagnosed with unipolar depression with “soft” bipolar features defined by subthreshold symptoms. The results cannot be extrapolated to patients with a full bipolar diagnosis. ConclusionBipolar diathesis in MDD is not a safety concern but may lead to somewhat lower remission rates when considering TMS treatment.