Abstract
Abstract Urban habitat has become more and more important for birds because of rapid urban development and reduction of natural areas, and the responses of birds to season in urban habitats is important to research in urban avian ecology. We examined whether bird communities varied with season in terms of community attributes, composition of species and species groups, and nestedness in highly urbanized Hong Kong, which is positioned on one of the main migratory routes, and thus has great conservation value for birds. We studied 30 urban parks, and had 3,815 observations of 31 species in the breeding season (May–Aug 2010), compared to 3,972 observations of 53 species in the nonbreeding season (Nov 2010–Feb 2011). Eurasian Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus), Red-whiskered Bulbuls (Pycnonotus jocosus), and Japanese White-eyes (Zosterops japonicus) were the most abundant species in both seasons. Bird species richness and diversity in the nonbreeding season were significantly higher than in the breeding season. ...
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