Do Anxiety and Mood Vary among Disparate Sleep Profiles in Youth with Craniopharyngioma? A Latent Profile Analysis

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Craniopharyngioma is a histologically benign brain tumor that arises in the suprasellar region affecting critical neurovascular structures including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and optic pathways. Children with craniopharyngioma often experience excessive daytime sleepiness which may be compounded by anxiety and depression. The current study investigated disparate sleep profiles to better understand psychological adjustment among children diagnosed with craniopharyngioma. Method: Actigraphs recorded nightly sleep data, including measures of sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset, in a cohort of 80 youth between the ages of 2 and 20 years (median age = 9). Parent reports of behavioral and emotional functioning were included in the analysis. A latent profile analysis examined disparate sleep profiles, and a multinomial logistic regression examined differences of anxiety and depression among the sleep profiles. Results: The latent profile analysis revealed three sleep profiles: “variable sleepers” (48.3%), “consistently poor sleepers” (45.4%), and “night wakers” (6.4%). Consistently poor sleepers had lower rates of anxiety (g = .76; p = .009) and depression (g = .81; p = .003) than variable sleepers and had significantly lower rates of anxiety than night wakers (g = .52; p = .05); all other differences were nonsignificant (ps > .05). Discussion: Youth with craniopharyngioma who have nightly variations in sleep may have worse psychological functioning than those with more consistent, albeit poor, sleep patterns. Patients with craniopharyngioma who report variable sleep should be assessed for anxiety and depression to prevent and intervene on emotional difficulties that may be reciprocally related to sleep.