Do antihypertensive medications have an effect on dental implants? A systematic review.

Abstract

The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the clinical outcomes of dental implants in users of antihypertensive medication with those of nonusers. This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under the number CRD42022319336. The electronic databases Medline (PubMed) and Central Cochrane were searched for relevant scientific literature published in English through May 2022. The focused question was, "Do patients taking antihypertensive medications have a similar impact on the clinical outcome and survival of dental implants compared with nonusers?". A total of 49 articles were found, of which 3 articles were finally selected for a qualitative synthesis. The three studies included 959 patients. In all three studies, the commonly used medication was renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors. Two studies mentioned implant survival rate, which was 99.4% in antihypertensive medication users and 96.1% in the nonusers. One study found a higher implant stability quotient (ISQ) in patients taking antihypertensive medication (75.7 ± 5.9) compared with patients not taking antihypertensive medication (73.7 ± 8.1). The limited available evidence showed that patient taking antihypertensive medications had comparable success rate and implant stability to patients not taking medications. The studies included patients taking different antihypertensive medications, so a drug-specific conclusion regarding the clinical outcome of dental implants is not possible. Further studies are needed, including patients taking certain antihypertensive medications, to determine their effects on dental implants.