Do Adolescents with Low Motor Competence Have Increased Risk for Overweight and Obesity?

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is an important time for establishing behavioral patterns which favorably affect health, including weight status. Yet, the prevalence of adolescent overweight/obesity is high, and it is unknown whether low levels of motor competence are a risk factor. The purpose of this study was to assess whether adolescents with low motor competence are at increased risk of overweight/obesity. Methods: A total of 142 adolescents (47.2% boys) aged 12-14 years were recruited from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Motor competence level was assessed using the Körperkoordinationtest fur kinder (KTK) and classified in two categories: "low" and "adequate." BMI measures were used to classify weight status as "healthy" or "overweight/obese." The correlation between motor competence level and BMI was tested. A binary logistic regression model was executed adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, and stature). Results: Motor competence was moderately associated with BMI (r = -0.573, p < 0.001). Nearly four in five adolescents with low motor competence were overweight/obese. Further, adolescents with low motor competence had a risk six times higher of being overweight/obese (odds ratio = 6.832, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval = 2.477-18.845). Conclusions: This study showed that a low level of motor competence is linked to the odds of being overweight/obese in adolescents. This is a concern given the high prevalence of low motor competence in youth worldwide. However, our cross-sectional design does not allow the determination of causal mechanisms. Regardless, we reinforce the recommendation that young people should establish behavioral patterns favorable to adolescent health, including adequate levels of motor competence.