DNA-modified electrodes; part 4: optimization of covalent immobilization of DNA on self-assembled monolayers

Abstract

The covalent immobilization of DNA onto self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified gold electrodes (SAM/Au) was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and electrochemical method so as to optimize its covalent immobilization on SAMs. Three types of SAMs with hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl terminal groups, respectively, were examined. Results obtained by both X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry show that the largest covalent immobilization amount of dsDNA could be gained on hydroxyl-terminated SAM/Au. The ratio of amount of dsDNA immobilized on hydroxyl-terminated SAMs to that on carboxyl-terminated SAMs and to that on amino-terminated SAMs is (3–3.5): (1–1.5): 1. The dsDNA immobilized covalently on hydroxyl-terminated SAMs accounts for 82.8–87.6% of its total surface amount (including small amount of dsDNA adsorbed). So the hydroxyl-terminated SAM is a good substrate for the covalent immobilization of dsDNA on gold surfaces.