Abstract
DNA watermarking of infectious agents: progress and prospects.
Highlights
We believe that novel systems employing enhanced identity protection will instill new public confidence in scientists and avoid erroneous assignment of liability in the case of a release
We propose a DNA watermarking system that includes institution, laboratory, and/or investigatorspecific watermarks in the genomes of organisms, especially Select Agents
Pathogen-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) that ensure the integrity of the watermarking system would be a necessary component of any watermarking strategy
Summary
We believe that novel systems employing enhanced identity protection will instill new public confidence in scientists and avoid erroneous assignment of liability in the case of a release. We propose a DNA watermarking system that includes institution-, laboratory-, and/or investigatorspecific watermarks in the genomes of organisms, especially Select Agents. The system will achieve five key goals critical to any watermarking system, phrased in general information theoretic terms: message fidelity, error tolerance, ease of interpretation, availability of signatures, and resistance to attack (Table 1). A DNA watermark is a unique synthetic DNA sequence embedded into the genome of a genetically tractable organism.
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