Abstract

In single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology, individual nucleotides are monitored in real time during DNA strand replication by an individual DNA polymerase tracking the incorporation of multi-color fluorescently labeled nucleotides. The DNA template to be sequenced is loaded to the bottom of nanowells called zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) via a random diffusion process, thereby minimizing throughput and read length. Also, fundamental size constraints of ZMWs hinder the loading of large molecules into ZMWs creating a length bias.

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