Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major health problem and a major cause of death in most countries. Evidence has been presented that gene polymorphisms (HindIII, PvuII and Ser447Ter) of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) are risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD).AimOur objective of the present investigation was to determine whether 3 LPL polymorphisms (LPL-HindIII, LPL-PvuII and LPL-Ser447Ter) can be considered as independent risk factors for CAD in the Saudi population.MethodsWe recruited 120 CAD subjects, confirmed angiographically with identical ethnic backgrounds and 65 control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) technique was used to detect the polymorphisms of the LPL gene.Results and conclusionFor the HindIII genotype, within the CAD group, the frequencies of the H+H+ were found in 50.8%, whereas 44.2% carried the H−H+ genotype, and 5% carried the H−H− genotype. Within the control group, the H+H+ genotype was found in 44.6%, whereas 35.4% carried the H−H+ genotype, 20% carried the H−H− genotype. The odds ratio (OR) of HindIII genotype H+H+ vs. H−H− genotype at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were 4.6 (1.57–13.2) and p < 0.005, hence showing no significant association with CAD. For the PvuII genotype, within the CAD group the frequencies of the P+P+ found in 41.7% whereas 43.3.2% carried the P−P+ genotype, and 15% carried the P−P− genotype. Within the control group the P+P+ was found in 38.5%, 43.0% carried the P−P+ genotype, and 18.5% carried the P−P− genotype. The OR of PvuII genotype P+P+ vs. P−P− genotypes (95% CI) is 1.33 and p = 0.52; hence, it was also insignificant to show association with the disease. For the Ser447Ter genotype, within the CAD group, the frequencies of the C/C found in 83.3%, whereas 16.7% carried the C/G genotype. Within the control group, the C/C was found in 87.7% and 12.3% carried the C/G genotype. We did not get any GG genotypes in control as well as patients for this gene. It can be concluded that C allele of gene masks the presence of G allele in the Saudi population. The OR of CG + GG vs. CC (95% CI) is 1.43 from 0.59 to 3.44 which is insignificant. Hence this gene also has no significant association with CAD in the Saudi population.
Highlights
In recent years, the relationship between the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, predominantly coronary artery disease (CAD) and many genetic variants in different populations are very well documented
It is well known that rare lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mutations cause marked dyslipidemias
Given the importance of LPL as a candidate gene for CAD risk, we have evaluated independent Saudi and well defined, ethnically relatively homogenous and angiographically controlled Saudi population to determine whether the HindIII, PvuII and Ser447Ter polymorphisms are associated with the risk of the development of CAD
Summary
The relationship between the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, predominantly coronary artery disease (CAD) and many genetic variants in different populations are very well documented. CAD is one of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality in all over the world being responsible for a high percentage of death annually in different countries [1,2] It has been well known for decades that classical risk factors for CAD such as smoking tobacco or disorder in lipid metabolism increase its occurrence [3,4]. Various risk factors remain unexplained [5,6] and this is believed to be due to the interaction of multi-factorial inheritance and environmental factors (e.g., diet, exercise, smoking) [5] In this regard common variants of genes central to lipid metabolism that are associated with modest changes in protein function might be essential contributors to risk at a population level, maybe in association with other specific environmental and genetic factors [5,7].
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