Abstract
Among the various sources of human autologous stem cells, stem cells isolated from dental tissues exhibit excellent properties in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the distinct potential of these odontogenic cell lines remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed DNA methylation patterns to determine whether specific differences existed among three different odontogenic cell types. Using the HumanMethylation450 Beadchip, the whole genomes of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs) were compared. Then, the osteogenic potential of these cells was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, and the methylation levels of certain genes related to bone formation differed among the three cell lines. P values less than 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. The three cell types showed highly similar DNA methylation patterns, although specific differences were identified. Gene ontology analysis revealed that one of the most significantly different gene categories was related to bone formation. Thus, expression of cell surface epitopes and osteogenic-related transcription factors as well as the bone formation capacity were compared. The results showed that compared with DFPCs and DPSCs, PDLSCs had higher transcription levels of osteogenic-related factors, a higher in vitro osteogenic potential, and an increased new bone formation capacity in vivo. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the differential DNA methylation profiles could be related to the osteogenic potential of these human odontogenic cell populations. Additionally, the increased osteogenic potential of PDLSCs might aid researchers or clinicians in making better choices regarding tissue regeneration and clinical therapies.
Highlights
Due to advances in biological tissue engineering, the use of autologous mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as biological material seed has become increasingly popular
No significant difference in mineralization was observed between dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) (Fig. 5)
Odontogenic stem cells play a critical role in tooth tissue repair and homeostasis throughout the life of the tooth[25]
Summary
Due to advances in biological tissue engineering, the use of autologous mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as biological material seed has become increasingly popular. MSCs have recently been a particular focus in many areas of scientific research[1] These stem cells are believed to be excellent candidates for tissue engineering approaches and represent the future of clinical stem-cell-based bone regeneration[2]. Various human odontogenic stem/progenitor cell types have been isolated and identified, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs)[5]; all of which present MSC properties characterized by self-renewal, non-specialization, and multilineage differentiation potential; importantly, these cells display osteogenic capacity, which is one of the most crucial factors in tissue regeneration[6]. The differences between the proteomes of PDLSCs and DPSCs and the differences in other characteristics, such as the morphological properties, immune-phenotypes, or general gene expression patterns, among odontogenic stem cell lines[7,8,9,10] have been reported. Embryonic development and differentiation are Received: 13 February 2017 Revised: 5 September 2017 Accepted: 10 October 2017
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