DNA methylation in the genesis, progress and prognosis of head and neck cancer

Abstract

Epigenetic alteration studies in cancer research have been progressing rapidly in recent years. DNA methylation, including DNA hypermethylation and DNA hypomethylation, is one of the main epigenetic alterations in head and neck cancer development. Here, we review recent advances in DNA methylation and factors affecting DNA methylation, including DNA methylation enzymes, HPV status and smoking and drinking habits, in the field of head and neck cancer occurrence, progression, metastasis, and prognosis, hoping to shed light on how DNA methylation interacts with head and neck cancer and lay a foundation for future prognosis prediction and therapy.