Abstract
DNA methylation is essential for regulating tissue-specific gene expression, genomic imprinting, X chromosome inactivation and retroviral element silencing. The transformation from normal to cancer cells is accompanied by changes in DNA methylation resulting in the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. This process is regulated by methylation and contributes to the support and development of tumors. Epigenetic modifications account for the development of resistance in cancer cells treated with anticancer drugs. Dysregulated signaling pathways involved in tumor drug resistance include the Wnt canonical and non-canonical pathways and the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway. This review considers the mechanisms and specific methylated biomarkers that participate in such resistances and how resistance to individual treatments for breast, ovarian, uterine and cervix tumors are introduced.
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