Abstract
Over the past several decades, especially through traditional breeding programme, intensive attempts have been made for the improvement of a large number of cereal varieties which adjusted to diverse agro-ecologies. However, increasing biotic and abiotic stresses, increasing populations, and sharply reducing natural resources especially water for agricultural purposes, push the breeders for organizing and developing improved cereal varieties with higher yield potential. In combination with developments in agricultural technology, plant breeding has made remarkable progress in increasing crop yields for over a century. Molecular markers are widely employed in plant breeding. DNA markers are being used for the acceleration of plant selection through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Genes of agronomic and scientific importance can be isolated especially on the basis of their position on the genetic map by using molecular markers technologies. In this review, the current status of marker development technologies for crop improvements will be discussed. It will also provide an outlook into the future approaches and most widely used applications in plant breeding in crop plants on the basis of present development.
Highlights
The world’s most important sources of food are cereals
Soon after couple of years, cross-hybridization of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) markers which obtained from bread wheat with barley and rye revealed a few translocations of chromosome arms in the rye genome when compared to the wheat genomes, whereas most probes indicated that the order of the loci was preserved between those three species (Moore et al, 1995)
An appropriate marker system can be selected based on the need
Summary
The world’s most important sources of food are cereals. Cereals can be consumed directly as food by humans, or indirectly as inputs to improve animal production. DNA markers are a fragment of DNA indicating (mutations/variations), which can be used to detect polymorphism between alleles of a gene for a particular sequence of DNA or different genotypes. Such fragments are linked with a definite location within the genome and may be detected by using certain molecular technology [8]. This review will address general principles and methodologies of different molecular markers in these categories with a major emphasis on emerging genotyping technologies in plants including SNPs and KASPer assays. Some issues related to applications of these methodologies in practical breeding will be discussed
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
