DNA Marker Identification of Trichoderma and Fusarium Level Species

Abstract

Mycotoxins, a class of biologically active toxic secondary metabolites with a wide structural range and complexity, are generated as contaminants in human and animal food by a variety of toxigenic Molds. The toxic effects caused differ depending on the type of mycotoxin present in the food. Environmental variables as substrate composition and texture, temperature, and humidity influence toxin production and the degree of contamination of feed and food items. Fusarium and Trichoderma species which produce mycotoxins in animal feed and different cereals can be laborious as well as more time to identify due to hard colony and hyphal characteristics. Aim of the study was isolation and identification of fungi from 30 samples of poultry feeds and some agricultural products as well as molecular identification for Trichoderma and Fusarium species with the detection of mycotoxin related gene. Ribosomal gene region (ITS), Translation elongation factor, Beta-tubulin with elongation factor (EF1) used for species identification of Trichoderma and Fusarium respectively. PCR amplification and sequence analysis were done successfully. A set of 10 Trichoderma and 19 Fusarium isolates were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization that distinguish as T. asperellum, T. harzianum, T. afroharzianum, T. atroviride, T. lentiforme with T. asperelloides besides F. aywerte, F. oxysporum, F. sporodochiale in addition F. chlamydosporum. Molecular technique depending on target nucleotide of ITS not identify precisely all Trichoderma therefore tef1 established to separate all Trichoderma isolates. The cluster target nucleotide investigation depending on tef1 split the T.harzianum, T. afroharzianum, T. atroviride as well as T. asperellum.