DNA interaction, anticancer, antibacterial, ROS and lipid peroxidation studies of quinoxaline based organometallic Re(I) carbonyls

Abstract

Hetero mononuclear rhenium(I) complexes (I-V) using ligands (L1-L5) [L1-L5 = 11-((2-chlorobenzylidene)hydrazono)-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline (L1), 8-methyl-11-((4-methyl-benzylidene)hydrazono)-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline (L2), 11-((4-bromobenzylidene) hydrazono)-8-nitro-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline (L3), 11-((4-bromobenzylidene) hydrazono)-8-chloro-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline (L4), 8-bromo-11-((4-fluorobenzylidene) hydrazono)-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline (L5)] were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic method. All the synthesized compounds have biological importance. DNA interaction studies gave information about the modes of binding and the nucleolytic efficiency of compounds. The binding of the rhenium complexes to Herring sperm DNA (HS DNA) was monitored by UV–visible spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, and molecular docking studies; groove binding was suggested as the most possible mode. The DNA-complexes binding strength was measured in terms of intrinsic binding constants. In vivo and In vitro cytotoxicity against the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells gave the toxic nature of the synthesized compounds. An antimicrobial study was carried out by estimating MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) against two Gram-positive (S. aureus, B. subtilis) and three Gram-negative (S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa, E. coli) bacteria. All synthesized complexes are biologically more active than the corresponding ligands. Complexes were having higher MDA and H2O2 production than ligands.