Abstract
DNA immunization targeting carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer patients
Highlights
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality
No significant changes in those subsets were noted in patients of parts 2 and 3 and neither in Treg cells (CD4+CD25highFOXP3+), myeloderived suppressor cells (MDSC) (CD11b+ CD33+HLA-DR-CD14-), NK or NKT cells over time
Neither priming with CEA66-DNA nor priming or boosting with tetwtCEA-DNA augmented antibody responses, contradicting preclinical results where antibodies appeared in a non-tolerant host and clinical results with a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) glycoprotein produced in the baculovirus system [8,23,25]
Summary
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite introduction of new drugs, a large proportion of patients remain incurable. New therapeutic approaches are needed and immunotherapy may offer a novel targeted therapeutic option [1]. The goal of therapeutic cancer vaccines (TCV) is to induce a robust long-lasting immune response with limited toxicity [2]. Most tumor cells express tumor-associated antigens (TAA), which might act as targets for the immune system [3]. A commonly expressed TAA in gastrointestinal cancer is the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) which has been explored in immunotherapy trials [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Vaccination targeting CEA in humans was shown to induce antigen-specific humoral, CD4+ helper as well as CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses [8,11,12,13,14]
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