Abstract
Folding short lengths of DNA into loops is a fundamental area of research in the field of nanoengineering. While physical mechanisms of DNA folding may differ according to the multivalent cations involved in folding, the mechanical task is the same. Here, we compare the folding pathways and resulting loops for DNA folding by multivalent cations that are known to condense DNA. Specifically, we compared the looping of DNA by protamine (+21 and 5 kDA), hexaammine-cobalt (III) (+3 and 0.3 kDa), spermine (+4 and 0.2 kDa), and histone H1 (+42 and 20 kDA).
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