Abstract
Nephrotoxicity induced by exposure to environmental pollution, including herbicides, is becoming a global problem. Natural products are the prime alternative scientific research as they express better medicinal activity and minor side effects compared with a variety of synthetic drugs. This study was performed to evaluate the nephroprotective proficiency of Arabic gum against butralin-induced nephrotoxicity. Adult female rats were supplemented with Arabic gum (4.3 g/kg b.wt) and/or butralin (312 mg/L) in drinking water for 30 days. The results found that markers of serum kidney function, oxidative stress biomarkers, DNA damage, and expression of kidney specific genes (Acsm2, Ace, and Ace2) as well as histopathological examination in treated rats were conducted. Butralin-treated rats showed a rise in serum creatinine (41%), BUN (47.3%), and MDA (140.9%) as well as decrease in activity of the antioxidant markers (CAT (-21%); GPx (-70.7%); and TAC (43.2%)) in comparison with the control group. In addition, butralin treatment increased the DNA damage (221%); altered the expression levels of Acsm2, Ace, and Ace2 (-51.6%, 141.6%, and 143% respectively); and elevated histopathological lesions in the kidney tissues. Pretreatment of Arabic gum prevented butralin-prompted degenerative changes of kidney tissues. The results suggested that the protective effect provided by Arabic gum on renal tissues exposed to the herbicide butralin could be attributed to enhancement of antioxidants and increase the free radical scavenging activity in vivo.
Highlights
In the agriculture pesticides are considered as cost-effectively important and their use has related with increase of crop production globally
The results suggested that the protective effect provided by Arabic gum on renal tissues exposed to the herbicide butralin could be attributed to enhancement of antioxidants and increase the free radicals scavenging activity in vivo
Effect of butralin and Arabic gum in serum biomarkers and kidney weight In the current effort, butralin was administrated to a female rat via drinking water for 30 days at a concentration 312 mg/L which corresponding to dose equaled to 0.5 mg/kg based on water intake of female rats
Summary
In the agriculture pesticides are considered as cost-effectively important and their use has related with increase of crop production globally. Due to the widespread use of agrochemicals such as like herbicides a bad contamination occurs in our environment, so it is become essential to determine the potential toxicity of those chemicals on the surrounding organisms. These chemical compounds could induce biological, chemical and physical risks and may provoke genetic, biochemical and physiological alterations causing pathological impacts in the exposed organisms [3]. Various chemical compounds existing in the environment could provoke mutations in the human genome exposed to high contamination levels and may be risk for human health [5]
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