DNA damage and cellular abnormalities in tuberculosis, lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Andréa Lúcia Gonçalves Da Silva,Joel Henrique Ellwanger,Lia Gonçalves Possuelo,João Antonio Pêgas Henriques,Thaís Evelyn Karnopp,Augusto Ferreira Weber,Andréia Rosane De Moura Valim,Maribel Josimara Bresciani

doi:10.1186/s40248-015-0034-z

Abstract

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB), Lung Cancer (LC) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) affect millions of individuals worldwide. Monitoring of DNA damage in pathological situations has been investigated because it can add a new dimension to clinical expression and may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA damage and the frequency of cellular abnormalities in TB, LC and COPD patients by comparing them to healthy subjects.MethodsThe detection of DNA damage by a buccal micronucleus cytome assay was investigated in patients with COPD (n = 28), LC (n = 18) and TB (n = 22) and compared to control individuals (n = 17).ResultsThe COPD group had a higher frequency of apoptotic cells compared to TB and LC group. The TB group showed a higher frequency of DNA damage, defect in cytokinesis, apoptotic and necrotic cells. Patients with LC had low frequency of chromosomal aberrations than TB and COPD patients.ConclusionCOPD patients showed cellular abnormalities that corresponded to cell death by apoptosis and necrosis, while patients with TB presented defects in cytokinesis and dysfunctions in DNA repair that resulted in the formation of micronucleus (MN) besides apoptotic and necrotic cells. Patients with COPD, TB and LC had a low frequency of permanent DNA damage.

Highlights

Tuberculosis (TB), Lung Cancer (LC) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) affect millions of individuals worldwide
The COPD group had a higher frequency of apoptotic cells compared to TB and LC group
The TB group showed a higher frequency of DNA damage, defect in cytokinesis and necrotic cells (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB), Lung Cancer (LC) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) affect millions of individuals worldwide. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Brazil is estimated at 7.3 million individuals [1]. The synergistic effects of breathable particles lead to oxidative stress These particles have a high carcinogenic potential and can lead to the increased production of pulmonary inflammatory mediators that cause oxidative damage to all major cellular components (i.e., membrane lipids, proteins, and DNA) [4,5,6]. Genomic instability is characterized by an increased frequency of changes in the genetic material of the cells. One way to detect genomic instability is to quantify the frequency of chromosomal alterations induced by mutagens. DNA damage deserves special attention from health centers and the scientific community, and its monitoring is useful for routine testing to prevent different pathologies [7]

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