Abstract
Hybrid complexes with N,N′-bis(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine and cyclen moieties are novel enzyme mimics and controlled DNA release materials, which could interact with DNA through three models under different conditions. In this paper, the interactions between plasmid DNA and seven different complexes were investigated, and the methods to change the interaction patterns by graphene oxide (GO) or concentrations were also investigated. The cleavage of pUC19 DNA promoted by target complexes were via hydrolytic or oxidative mechanisms at low concentrations ranging from 3.13 × 10−7 to 6.25 × 10−5 mol/L. Dinuclear complexes 2a and 2b can promote the cleavage of plasmid pUC19 DNA to a linear form at pH values below 7.0. Furthermore, binuclear hybrid complexes could condense DNA as nanoparticles above 3.13 × 10−5 mol/L and partly release DNA by graphene oxide with π-π stacking. Meanwhile, the results also reflected that graphene oxide could prevent DNA from breaking down. Cell viability assays showed dinuclear complexes were safe to normal human hepatic cells at relative high concentrations. The present work might help to develop novel strategies for the design and synthesis of DNA controllable releasing agents, which may be applied to gene delivery and also to exploit the new application for GO.
Highlights
Artificial nucleases have attracted continuous and extensive interest due to their potential applications in the fields of molecular biology, biotechnology and drug development [1,2]
The fluorescence intensity of Form II increases markedly with a corresponding decrease in the intensity of Form I. This result indicates that these complexes can promote the cleavage of plasmid pUC19 DNA from supercoiled Form I to linear Form II efficiently and the catalytic efficiency of DNA cleavage is correlated to the reaction time
It is important to point out that the π-π stacking between two independent benzimidazoles has been proven [12] and the effect be strong for graphene oxide (GO) for to conjugate with dinuclear complexes
Summary
Artificial nucleases have attracted continuous and extensive interest due to their potential applications in the fields of molecular biology, biotechnology and drug development [1,2]. This work was the first time using the classic planar aromatic structures of GO as a switch for DNA complexes When these binuclear hybrid complexes were used as artificial nucleases in low concentration they showed interesting properties, but they were seldom reported. DNA and complexes, for example cyclodextrin was applied to wrap up naphthalene to avoid DNA breakdown [26] and GO is a newcomer to protect DNA when the concentration of target material is suitable for cleavage From these results, it could be concluded that this kind novel hybrid compound.
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