DNA barcoding reveals a species group of the genus Campiglossa (Diptera, Tephritidae, Tephritinae) with recognition of a new species from East Asia and previously unknown females of Campiglossa coei (Hardy).

Ho-Yeon Han,Kyung-Eui Ro

doi:10.3897/zookeys.899.46779

Abstract

While analyzing DNA barcodes of all the Korean and some East Asian tephritid species in conjunction with the barcode sequences available from BOLD Systems (www.boldsystems.org), the large and taxonomically enigmatic genus Campiglossa was recovered as a monophyletic clade, together with the genera Dioxyna and Homoeotricha, which are here synonymized for that reason. Ten major lineages are also recognized within the Campiglossa clade: producta group, loewiana group, sororcula group, irrorata group, achyrophori group, difficilis group, luxorientis group, magniceps group, arisanica group, and misella group. Here, more detailed taxonomic accounts are provided for the misella group, including four DNA analysis-recovered members: C. coei, C. misella, C. paramelaenasp. nov., and C. melaena. A single morphological synapomorphy is proposed for this species group: the presence of a large mid-anterior dark wing marking in males with associated structural modification (more apically positioned crossvein R-M than in females). Based on the morphological characteristics, two presumptive members that are only known from male specimens are further recognized: C. pishanica and C. propria from China. A full description of C. paramelaenasp. nov., and a redescription of C. coei, for which only males were previously known, are provided. For all the included species, a taxonomic key, diagnoses, and photographs to aid their accurate identification are given. Finally, C. favillacea is synonymized with C. coei and C. roscida with C. misella, and C. coei and C. pishanica resurrected from the synonymy of C. misella.

Highlights

Tephritidae is a relatively recently diverged fly family that might have arisen around the Late Eocene (~36 mya; Han and Ro 2016)
The published and our present DNA barcoding analyses indicate that they form a monophyletic group, but together with at least two other genera, Dioxyna and Homoeotricha
Our simple neighbor-joining analysis recovered a monophyletic cluster of the genera Campiglossa, Dioxyna, and Homoeotricha together, indicating that the latter two genera should be merged within the genus Campiglossa, which has a nomenclatorial seniority

Summary

Introduction

Tephritidae is a relatively recently diverged fly family that might have arisen around the Late Eocene (~36 mya; Han and Ro 2016) This family includes approximately 4,700 valid species under ca. 500 genera, seven of which are species-rich (i.e., over 100 species) genera (Norrbom et al 1999; Catalogue of Life as of Aug. 2019 – http://www.catalogueoflife.org) These highly diverged genera are notorious for harboring a number of species complexes that are taxonomically difficult to deal with (White 2006; Drew and Romig 2013). The genus Campiglossa Rondani, 1870, is one of those species-rich genera, and is estimated to have approximately 200 described species (White 1988; Norrbom et al 1999; Catalogue of Life as of Aug. 2019). We synonymize the genera Dioxyna Frey, 1945, and Homoeotricha Hering, 1944, with the genus Campiglossa

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Conclusion