Abstract
Global shortage of freshwater is expected to reduce aquaculture activities that depend upon freshwaters. Mining the wild genetic resources of fish species can aid much the selection and development of new strains capable of withstanding unusual culturing conditions, such as tolerance to unusual salinities. Nile tilapia is a supreme international aquaculture species, with a limited degree of tolerance to brackish waters. In the current study, DNA barcoding for the Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus , using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene, was carried out. Samples were collected from two locations at Manzala Lake in the North of Egypt (El-Serow, salinity 1‰; and Ashtoom El-Gamil, Salinity 20‰); and from Lake Nasser (salinity 1‰;) in the South of Egypt. Numbers, locations and phylogenetic interrelationships among these haplotypes were determined, appending to the comparison the world haplotypes available in GenBank database. The results indicated the main haplotype lineages in the area of study and the world. Also, a newly identified haplotype with natural tolerance to different salinities could be identified from both studied lakes. This can contribute much to the genetic enhancement of tilapia aquaculture using new parents with more capability to tolerate salinity differences, producing then pure or hybrid offsprings with further ameliorated salinity tolerance.
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