Abstract
The present study deals with the relation between crystalline order in kaolinites and their ability to intercalate DMSO. Raw clays and kaolinite–DMSO complexes are analyzed using FTIR, XRD powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). The crystallinity is accessed using the Hinckley index (HI) from the raw clays’ XRD patterns and the p2 factor from their FTIR spectra. The intercalation ratio is evaluated from XRD and compared among the samples. The thermal analyses show a decrease in the dehydroxylation temperature in the DMSO–kaolinite complexes, indicating a decrease in the interlayer cohesion that may be useful to improve the delamination of kaolinite. The analysis of the coherent scattering domain size in the raw and the DMSO-intercalated samples indicates that the ordering is not affected during the DMSO intercalation. From these results, it is deduced that DMSO intercalation is favored by an increased crystallinity, as revealed by the intercalation ratio from XRD and the DSMO release during DSC-TGA analysis.
Highlights
IntroductionClays are widely used as mineral fillers in composite plastic materials due to their layered shape and their ability to disperse within the polymer matrix [1,2,3,4]
Clays are widely used as mineral fillers in composite plastic materials due to their layered shape and their ability to disperse within the polymer matrix [1,2,3,4]. clays of the smectite group are the most suitable for such uses because of their intrinsic capacity to expand and to delaminate into individual clay platelets [4,5,6], their availability as industrial minerals is limited by their relatively scarce geological deposits
The observed differences in the intercalation ratio can be related to the Hinckley index (HI) (Table 1), which is an indicator of the crystalline order
Summary
Clays are widely used as mineral fillers in composite plastic materials due to their layered shape and their ability to disperse within the polymer matrix [1,2,3,4]. Occur as non-expandable, large layer stacks of low anisotropy, which explains the lack of interest up until now for their use as mineral fillers in polymer–clay composites. Various approaches are used to carry out intercalation These include solution intercalation [12], homogenization intercalation (wet mixing) [15] or mechanochemical processes [16] There are few organic molecules that can be directly intercalated within kaolinite. Natural kaolinite minerals are characterized by several types of imperfection, which are likely to influence the strength of the bonds between the surface groups and the DMSO molecules, such as chemical substitutions in the crystal network and by stacking faults. The effect of DMSO intercalation on structural order was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface measurement and thermal analysis
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