DMEK in Super-Seniors: Clinical Outcomes of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Performed in Patients ≥ 90 Years Old

Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose/Aims of the study To evaluate the clinical outcomes of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) performed in the “oldest old” patients, i.e. ≥ 90 years. Materials and Methods Between the years of 2009 and 2019, 20 consecutive eyes of 17 patients aged ≥ 90 underwent DMEK for endothelial dysfunction. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), graft survival, and intra- and postoperative complications were assessed. Results Except in one case in which the DMEK surgery could not be completed, all operated eyes experienced an improvement in BCVA, although only 50% achieved ≥ 20/40 (0.5) by 1 year postoperatively. One year after surgery, median CCT had declined from 641(±161) μm to 480 (±34) μm, and median endothelial cell density was reduced by 53%, from 2574 (±286) to 1226 (±404) cells/mm2. Six of 19 eyes receiving DMEK grafts (32%) developed partial graft detachments requiring re-bubbling. One eye experienced a secondary graft failure at 6 months and underwent repeat endothelial keratoplasty. Conclusion DMEK is technically feasible in the oldest old patients and may yield significant visual improvements, although an elevated risk of some postoperative complications including graft detachment with corresponding need for re-bubbling may be anticipated.