Abstract
Djulis is a cereal crop rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber that may have nutraceutical activity to prevent colon cancer. This study was designed to examine the preventive effect of djulis on colon carcinogenesis in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Rats were fed different AIN-93G-based diets: groups N and DMH were fed AIN-93G diet and groups LD, MD, and HD were fed AIN-93G diet containing 5, 10, and 20% djulis, respectively. All rats except for group N were injected with DMH to induce colon carcinogenesis. After 10 weeks, rats were sacrificed and colon and liver tissues were collected for analysis. The results showed that djulis-treated rats had significantly lower numbers of colonic preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), sialomucin-producing (SIM)-ACF, and mucin-depleted foci. Djulis treatment increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in colon and liver. Djulis also reduced p53, Bcl-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressions and increased Bax and caspase-9 expressions. Besides, phenolic compounds and flavonoids were found rich in djulis. These results demonstrate the chemopreventive effect of djulis on carcinogen-induced colon carcinogenesis via regulating antioxidative and apoptotic pathways in rats. Djulis may have the potential to be developed as a valuable cereal product for chemoprevention of colon cancer.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide [1]
The results showed that djulis-treated rats had significantly lower numbers of colonic preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), sialomucin-producing (SIM)-ACF, and mucin-depleted foci
The representatives of the sulfomucin-producing ACF (SUM-ACF), MIX-ACF, sialomucin-producing ACF (SIM-ACF), and MDFgroups for this study shown in
Summary
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide [1]. Many studies have proven that dietary patterns are important progenitors of colon carcinogenesis. It is known that the risk of colon cancer increases with high intake of red meat and animal fat [2]. Whole grains, vegetables, and fruits reduce the risk of colon cancer [3]. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids in diet have preventive effect on colon cancer [4,5]. These demonstrated that dietary factors play an important role in progress of colon cancer
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