Abstract
We consider the triple $(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{A}',\mathcal{A}^H)$ of hyperplane arrangements and the division of their characteristic polynomials. We show that the freeness of $\mathcal{A}^H$ and the division of $\chi(\mathcal{A};t)$ by $\chi(\mathcal{A}^H;t)$ confirm the freeness of $\mathcal{A}$. The key ingredient of this "division theorem" on freeness is the fact that, if $\chi(\mathcal{A}^H;t)$ divides $\chi(\mathcal{A};t)$, then the same holds for the localization at the codimension three flat in $H$. This implies the local-freeness of $\mathcal{A}$ in codimension three along $H$. Based on these results, several applications are obtained, which include a definition of "divisionally free arrangements". It is strictly larger than the set of inductively free arrangements. Also, in the set of divisionally free arrangements, the Terao's conjecture is true.
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