Abstract
Basidiomata of Phallales have a diversified morphology with adhesive gleba that exudes an odor, usually unpleasant that attracts mainly insects, which disperse the basidiospores. The genus Blumenavia belongs to the family Clathraceae and, based on morphological features, only two species are currently recognized: B. rhacodes and B. angolensis. However, the morphological characters adopted in species delimitations within this genus are inconsistent, and molecular data are scarce. The present study aimed to review and identify informative characters that contribute to the delimitation of Blumenavia species. Exsiccates from America and Africa were analyzed morphologically, and molecularly, using ITS, LSU, ATP6, RPB2 and TEF-1α markers for Maximum Parsimony, Bayesian and Maximum likelihood analyses, and also for coalescent based species delimitations (BP&P), as well as for bPTP, PhyloMap, Topo-phylogenetic and Geophylogenetic reconstructions. According to our studies, seven species can be considered in the genus: B. rhacodes and B. angolensis are maintained, B. usambarensis and B. toribiotalpaensis are reassessed, and three new species are proposed, B. baturitensis Melanda, M.P. Martín & Baseia, sp. nov., B. crucis-hellenicae G. Coelho, Sulzbacher, Grebenc & Cortez, sp. nov., and B. heroica Melanda, Baseia & M.P. Martín, sp. nov. Blumenavia rhacodes is typified by selecting a lectotype and an epitype. Macromorphological characters considered informative to segregate and delimit the species through integrative taxonomy include length of the basidiomata, color, width and presence of grooves on each arm as well as the glebifer position and shape. These must be clearly observed while the basidiomata are still fresh. Since most materials are usually analyzed after dehydration and deposit in collections, field techniques and protocols to describe fugacious characters from fresh specimen are demanded, as well as the use of molecular analysis, in order to better assess recognition and delimitation of species in Blumenavia.
Highlights
Until now, based on morphological data, three other species have been recognized in the genus: Blumenavia angolensis (Welw. & Curr.) Dring [4], basionym Laternea angolensis Welw. & Curr. [5]; B. usambarensis Henn. [6]; and B. toribiotalpaensis Vargas-Rodr [7]
Dring [4] proposed B. usambarensis as a synonym of B. angolensis, since both present white basidiomata, absence of a groove in the outer face of the arms, and glebifers restricted to a quarter or a third of the receptacle; characters that differentiate them from B rhacodes
There are a small number of macromorphological characters that are useful for delimiting species, but some of these must be observed while the basidiomata are still fresh, such as color oh the basidiomata as well as the arrangement and morphology of the glebifers, since they become difficult to observe in fungarium collections
Summary
Dring [4] proposed B. usambarensis as a synonym of B. angolensis, since both present white basidiomata, absence of a groove in the outer face of the arms, and glebifers restricted to a quarter or a third of the receptacle; characters that differentiate them from B rhacodes. This taxonomic treatment proposed by Dring [4] has been widely adopted by subsequent studies [8,9,10,11]. Despite the proposed synonymy, the author did not analyze the type specimen of B. usambarensis, from Tanzania, but only exsiccates from Brazil and Trinidad and Tobago
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
