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Abstract
We extend the ecological laws of species-time relationship (STR) and species-time-area relationship (STAR) to general diversity time-period relationship (DTR) and diversity-time-area relationship (DTAR), and test the extensions with the human vaginal microbiome datasets by building 1460 DTR/DTAR models. Our extensions were inspired by the observation that Hill numbers, well regarded as the most appropriate measure of alpha-diversity and also particularly suitable for multiplicative beta-diversity partitioning, are actually in the units of effective species, and therefore, should be able to substitute for species in the STR and STAR. We found that the traditional power law (PL) model is only applicable for DTR at diversity order zero (i.e., species richness); at higher diversity orders (q = 1–4), the power law with exponent cutoff (PLEC) and power law with inverse exponent cutoff (PLIEC) are more appropriate. In particular, PLEC has an advantage over PLIEC in predicting maximal accumulation diversity (MAD) over time. In fact, with the DTR extensions, we can construct DTR and MAD profiles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive investigation of the DTR/DTAR in human microbiome. Methodologically, our DTR/DTAR profiles can characterize general diversity scaling beyond species richness, covering both alpha- and beta-diversity regimes across different diversity orders.
Highlights
Not as well known as species-area relationship (SAR), species-time relationship (STR) first conjectured by Preston1, is an important ecological law
We expect that our methodological extensions of STRs/species-time-area relationship (STAR) to general Hill numbers based diversity-time relationship (DTR)/diversity-time-area relationship (DTAR) should enrich the theoretical modeling of the diversity scaling in terms of more comprehensive diversity profiles, and offer important novel insights for their ecological applications
We extend the concept of diversity profile to the DTR profile and maximal accumulation diversity (MAD) profile
Summary
Not as well known as species-area relationship (SAR), species-time relationship (STR) first conjectured by Preston, is an important ecological law. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first extension of the STR/STAR to general diversity-time scaling (DTR/DTAR) beyond species-richness level in terms of the Hill numbers. We expect that our methodological extensions of STRs/STARs to general Hill numbers based DTRs/DTARs should enrich the theoretical modeling of the diversity scaling in terms of more comprehensive diversity profiles, and offer important novel insights for their ecological applications. The Hill numbers effectively capture the essential properties (such as rarity vs commonness) of species abundance distribution (SAD) by computing the entropy at different orders (non-linearity levels) (Ellison, Chao et al, Jost, Chiu et al, Chao & Jost)38–44 These advantages are naturally carried over to our general DTR/DTAR extensions
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